Oscillograph



July 12, 1932. A E, RlECKMANN 1,867,176

l' f4 E 22 .L4/wich July l12, 1932.

Filed July l0. 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 listened July 12,l 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

- Enron RIEGXM'ANN, or EERLINQCHAELOTTENEURQ, GERMANY, AssrGNoa 'ro SIEMENS p aALsEE, AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, or smmssranr, BERLIN, GERMANY, A

d CORPORATION -OF GERMANY oscILLoGnArn Application filed July 10, 1930, Serial No. 467,117, and in Germany June'ls, 1929.

Myinvention relatesto oscil'lographs. The oscillographs known in the' art are 1n principle so constructed that a stationary.

source of light throws its light by means of a condenser lens anda slit located behind' it in the shape ofa band oflig-ht on to the mirror of a likewise stationary measuring loop of thin strip-of metal traversed by the current, biilar oscillo aph from which mirror it 1s reflected and rought to a focus .by an interposed cylindrical lens, the spot oflight tracing a curve or oscillogram on the sensitized lm travelling along in front. The film is as avrule wound onv a. drum housed in a box or case sealed against the entrance of light. This known arrangement has-various defects,

particularly if the vresults have to -be quicklyanalyzed and high film velocities are required. For quick work the frequent exchange ,of the lm is particularly inconvenient as'it calls for a number of attendants, while at higher velocitiesV the film does no longerv lie smoothly upon the drum Vand the results obtained are inaccurate.4

rEhe objectof my invention is to. eliminate the enumerated defects in oscillographs in which the oscillations are transmitted o tically to a sensitized lm by a loop of t iny metal strip controlled by an alternating curtained by making the film stationary in re` lation to the revolving optical system. The individual constituents of the oscillograph v are preferably so arranged that the optical system revolves in a drum around the circuml f erenceof which is wrapped'the film for re-l ceiving the oscillograms. .I The driving shaft for the journaled in the end walls o the stationary 4o an oscillogram has been taken the film may be immediately exchangedwithout the necessity of stopping'the' oscillograph which lwould involve a considerable lossfof time.

'45 l The exchange of thelm'may take lace in such a ,way that every time an osci ogram' has been completed a fresh portion of the lm is drawn over the shell of the stationary drum l \50 which due to the comparatively large .circum- (gtical ysystem film drum. The stationary arrangemento'fcforming part thereof. the film drum has-'the advantage that after The drawings show a number of embodi- I ing of the ilm takes place in such a way lthat after an oscillogram is finished the drum carrying the lm is rotated once whereupon the fresh film portion canbe clamped in p0- sition by a special device. c According to another embodiment of my invention the revolvin optical system is.de signed as hollow sha t through which the 'light is able to pass from a source of li ht ocated in alignment with its axis and a r deflection is projected on the biilar suspended mirror which-may likewise be located within or adjacent to the hollow shaft.

Instead of revol ,'ng the oscillograph mirrors with thcoptical system they may also be kept stationary which might be desirable when only a small space is available. It is then, however, necessary to provide in front of the revolving portion .of the optical system a reversin prism revolving at half thfe speed which Vma es the oscillating beam reflected by. the oscillograph mirror follow in vcorrespondence with the angulardisplacementbe tween the revolving optical system and the ibilar suspension's Other details of my inments of my invention. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a' diagram of the arrangement of the .various constituent parts of my improved oscillograph, f

Fig. 2 a section through my oscillograph in the direction of the axis of the lm carry' indrum, o Y n i 3f a cross-section through my oscillo-n grap in which the .biilar suspensions arej i v j *housed within the hollow driving shaft, and

Referrin frevolving s aft upon which 1s mounted a casing 2 which in a lateral extension 3 carries.

Fig. 4 a further embodiment in which the bitilar suspensions of the 'mirrors lare stationary in relation to the 'revolving optical system. v

to Fig. 1 of the drawings, lis a the system of magnets and the loop orbilar suspension -of the oscillograph mirror. At

the opposite end of the casingforihousing 2 there is provided a cylindrical lens 4 in the outlet opening for the rays of li ht. his

` lens contracts the narrow band, o lig t 'rcfle'cted by the oscillograph mirror into a focus 'or point of light which is thrown on to the film 5 from t e inside. To allow the light I from the oscillograph mirror to be thrown on to the. cylindrical lensit is essaryto provide an opening in the driving shaft 1 or the shaft must not be allowed to pass completeliylf through the casing 2. The film 5 is -stretc ed or wrapped around a d rum 6 enclosed in a stationary housing 7 sealed against the entry oflight. The film is pulled off a magazine reel 8 and passed over guide rollers 9 to the drum 6 and hence over further guide `rollers 10 to a storage box ll'in which 1t`is wound up o n a reel 12. l'Ihe fixing of the:l

on the drum 6 takes place by means of clamping jaws 13 by which the film is simultaneously creased yor otherwise embossed or marked so that each individual oscillogram "fis identified thereby.- Instead of the box 11.

a develo ing Ta paratus may be located here .designe in,` t e manner of developers 1n automaticphotographic cameras so that the lenses may development of the filmv takes place entirely automatically.

Y The taking ofo'scillograms is effected in. such a manner that after fixing-the film' .on-

.the`drun`1-Tl6 the jaws 113 aretightened up and y the" optical system is then set in rotationby` means of the driving shaft 1, the drum-6 and.

the film remainingstationary at this time.

Since the 's ved of rotation of the systemof chosen comparatively high the time for taking an oscillogram is ve short.

The speed of rotation should preferaly notbehigher than 50 meters per second since4 in bi ar suspensions,-vibrating at maximum .speeds the naturalv periodfamountsto as much asv 5' lmillimeters so that when takingv oscillo ms of switchingoperations the true course of the switching-1n and switching-entour- Arentcurvesfcanno longer be clearly distingufllishedy After an oscille am is finished the clamping'jaws 13 are Are eased again. and

' the drum turned to such-an 'extent that an o unexposed strip of iln is then located upon the drum. The exchange ofthe filmcantake,

place automatically, -and the developing equipment may simultaneously'be set in operation. The clampin 4'jaws are then tightened' up again and provi e the lm with a crease openings' 25 of the hol ow shaft.

14 located at the side and preferably outside the closed casing 7. O osite to it on the other side of the casing 1n ali 16 on to a lens vmember 17 composed of a number of individual lenses 18 between which ment with the axis of the shaft l is located t e source of light 15 the light of -which is 'projected through a condenser lens there are located screening strips or webs 19.

yThe number of lenses corresponds with 'the number of oscillograph mirrors. The lens member 17 vis placed linto the inlet opening of the hollow shaft 1. From there the individual bands of light are projected on to small mirrors 2O which reflect them on tothe mirrors 21 suspended inthe loops 2,3.` These bilar systems 23 are located laterally of the shaft in the compartment 3 of the housing. and are in registry with openings 24 of the hollow shaft 1 so arranged that the beam of light 26 serving as indicator is sible topass through them as well as coinciding further openings 25 on to the cylindrical le1is4.l.. .The cylindrical lensv contracts thebands oflight into points of 1i ht so that the movelment caused by the big lar mirrors. is reproduced. as waves on the film 5'.

The vguide drum 6 for the film is mounted one. hub 27 'in which the shaftl l-revolves in ball-bearings 28 and 29. At the` motor end of the shaft 1k collector ringsy30 are provided which supply the current be measured'to the measuring loops carrying the oscillograph mirrors. l

.In the embod' ent of my inventidn illusv trated vin Fig. 3-ofthe drawings theloops 23 are. located within the hollow shaft n 1. -To enable the rays of\light to pass -from theflens member: 18 tol the'biiilarzmirrors, a. mirror 31 inclined under anangle of 45 is inserted into the tubularl shaft, from' which mirror the rays of light are lprojected on to the mirrors 32-an`d hence through openings 33 in the wall of the housing 2 -on to'further'stationary mirrorsz34 which in their turnfthrow the `beam oflight on .the mirrors of -the'bilar suspension pr .oscillo aph mirrors through To obtai na satisfactory illumination of the film during a certain'length of time, the film is prefera ly not simply made dependent upon lany timing device operating a shutter l shutter 38 whence it is thrown onthe oscil-v, lograph mirror 21 in the bifilar 'suspension or diaphragm, but the o ening and closing of the'shutter is -eiecte in dependence on therotationof the optical equipment. may take place electricall opening a relay, or mechamcally lby driving from the shaft 4l by means of a belta regulator for controlli-ng the time of exposure and which itself closes. or@ opens the 'shutter located in fronte the lens 16er the compound lens member 17 'I`h e shaftg1 A may simultaneously be, driven from the motor by means of'belt geen-'- l Y A simplification in re ard tolthe -optical sistem may bej'attained by dispensing with t e stationary lens 16 and permitting the light of the arc lamp to fall directly ,on to the lens member 17 It is then necessary to bring t e arc lamp Vcloser to the apparatus, and also place the lens member 17 so far away from the dellecting mirrors 20 and 34 res ectively that a clear tracing of the pointo light is obtained on the film.

In Fig. 4 of the drawings a bililaroscillograph with stationary suspension or measur- 1ng loops isv illustrated diagrammatically To obtain an oscillation of'the indicating light ray or beam 26 at right angles to the direction of motion of the optical system tracing the curves, it is necessary to interpose a reversing prism 36 between they loops and the likewise' revolving deilecting mirror 35. The light il then likewise projected from the source of light 15 on to a lens 37 with 23 by a deflecting mirror 22. The beam` of light 26 then passes through the reversing tween the dri prism 36on to a revolving mirror 35 driven y the motor 14:.' The mirror 35' rejects the l-ray of light 26 on to the cylin rical lens 4 which traces its oscillations on. thel film 5. In order to obtain the requisite reversal of thedirection of oscillation with respect tothe rotation in relation to the stationary. loop, it is vnecessary to drive the reversing prism 36 with half lthespeed .of the mirror35. For this purpose itis necessary to interpose bevging means for the mirror and the reversing prism 36 ofa speed-reducing gear 42. It is necessary that this gear shoul work absolutely correctly which ma be attained by an accurately gearing or by an electric transmission' The additional advantage of'this em ment of my' 'invention resldes merely in the use of stationary loops with a system of elec trically energized magnets, the accommodation of which in the rotatin vrtionof the optical system would'cause culties. oscllographs'; with revolving loops permanent magnets are preferably chosen wlnch enablevery small and compact constructions. It has been ascertained that the high velocities obtainable with my improved a aratus have no adverse encet upon the b' ar sus# by closing or"l finished mee unical.'

For

an alternating current held, a

pensioner measuring loop lthe oscil- I lograph the oscillations to be measured are optically projected Don to alm by a bililar suspensionupon whichfis mounted-,a mirror controlled by an alternating currentlield, a A stationary sensitized film, and a revolving optical system. A 4

2. In an oscillograph'of the type in which the oscillations to be measured are optically projected -on to a ilm bya bfilar suspension uponv which is mountedaE mirror controlled by. an alternating current field, a stationary the ambit pfytheapmirror as regards the accuracy of' s Thls indications' since 4the centrifugal forces de- Q sensitized film wrapped rounda drum, and v an optical system'revolving in said drum.

3. In an oscillograplf ofthe type in which Ithe .oscillations to be measured are optically pro]ected on to a lilm by a bilarsuspension upon which is mo ted' amirror` controlled by an alternating c rrent field, a stationary sensitized film wrapped around' a drum and y an optical system revolving in said rum,

said bifilarl suspension and the/optical sys tem located in a common houslng, and -a driving. shaft 'ournaled in said drum and upon which Vsani housing is mounted-so that said film inside.

f l 4. In an oscillograph of the type in which the film is exposed to4 the light `from the inside.

v- 5. Inran oscillograph or the in'. whichl the; oscillations to be 'measured are optically projected on t0 a film b upon which is mounte a' mirror controlled stationary sensitized film wrapped arounda drum and drum,

an optical system revolving inl said is lexposed to lthe light'v from the -h albiilar suspension a mlrror controlled driving shaft for the optical system :12e which said housing is mountedso that .a bilar suspension y `.said bifilar suspension and the optical systhe ilm is exposed to. the light from the the rays of light.

inside, a lens member with screen for producing bands of light and located in the inlet opening of said hollow shaft, and deliecting mirrors arranged to project the light on to the bililar suspended oscillograph mirrors.

6. In an oscillographof the type in which the oscillations to be measured are optically projected on to a film by a bifilar suspension upon which is mounted a mirror controlled by an alternating current field, 'a stationary sensitized film wrapped around a drum, and an optical system revolving in said" drum, said bifilar suspension and ,thel optical system located in a common housing, and a hola low driving shaft for the -optical system journaled in said drum the axis of which is in alignment'with the source, of light and upon which said housing is mounted so that the film is exposed to .the light from the inside, a lens member with screen -for producingv bands of light and located in the inlet opening of said hollow shaft, and de- P fleeting mirrors arranged to pr `ect the light on to the bifilar suspended oscil ograph mir- .rors,said deecting'mirrors located within said hollow shaft provided with corresponding recesses .for permitting the passage of 7. In an oscillograph of the type in which the oscillations to be measured are optically projected on to a film by abifila'r suspension upon -which ismounted a` mirror controlled by an alternating current ield, a stationary sensitized ilm wrapped around a drum", and

an optical system revolving in said drum, said d biflar suspensionand the optical system located vin a common housings-,and a hollow driving shaft orth'e optical .systemjournaled in said dru'i'n'the axis of which is in wlnch. said housing is mounte ilni'is exposed` to the light from the inside,

alignment with the source fof light and upon a lens member-.With screen for producing bands' of light and located in the inlet openin'g of said hollow shaft,and deflecting' mirrors arranged to project the light on to the biilar suspended oscillograph mirrors, said oscillograph mirrors located within said hollow shaft provided with corresponding reupon which mounted a mirror controlled -by an alternating current field, a stationary cesses for permitting the passage ofthe rays of light, in order to. provide equal paths for all blfilar suspensions.

8. In an osclloggraph ofthe type in whichA the oscillations to be measured are optically projected on to a film by a bifilar suspension so that the sensitized ilm wrapp'ed around a drum, and

axis of the drum, and a reversing prism adapted to revolve'at half the s eed of the mirror locatedbetween said de action mirror and saidmeasuring loops, for the purpose of reversing the direction of the oscil-. lations during the rotation.

9. In an oscillograph of the typein which the oscillations to be measured are optically projected on to a film by a bilar suspension upon which is mounted a mirror controlled by an alternating current field, a'stationary tubular support for carrying a sensitized film, and an optical system revolving within said support. v

l0. In an oscillograph, a housing adapted to contain a stationary lm in substantlally ycylindrical form, and means for causing a vibrating ray of light to rotatewithin vsaid housing about the axis of the cylindrical film and to impinge on said stationary lilm within the housing, from the inner side of the film.

l1. In an oscillograph, a normally stationary support for holding a film in substantially cylindrical form, means for causing a vibrating ray of light to rotate within said suport about the axis o'f the cylindrical film and to impinge on said stationa y film, from the inner'side thereof,and a housing containing said {ilm support.

12. In an oscillograph, a stationary housing, a normally stationary drum'located-in saidhousing and` adapted to^ho1d a film in substantially cylindrical form, and means for .causing a vibrating ray of-ligl1t tol rotatel within said drum about the axis of said drum and to impinge on the, film from the inner s idethereof.. In testimony whereof I aiiixm signature.

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